Geology

Geology is the scientific study of the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes, including the formation and alteration of rocks and minerals over time. It encompasses the examination of the Earth’s materials, such as soil, sediment, and rock layers, and investigates the physical, chemical, and biological processes that shape the planet’s surface and interior. Geologists explore phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and the movement of tectonic plates to understand the Earth’s past and present dynamics. The field of geology also includes the study of Earth’s history as recorded in the geological time scale, as well as the effects of human activity on natural systems. Through this discipline, geologists contribute to resource management, environmental protection, and natural disaster preparedness.